Gouania Lupuloides

This ‘Chew-stick’ is dated from 1872, presented to Trinity College by a ‘Miss Hamilton’ and it now remains in the Historical Medicinal Collection in the Department of Pharmacology, in Trinity College Dublin, based in St. James’s University Hospital. While we have no information about who Miss Hamilton was, Hamilton was a common name among Irish planters, magistrates and merchants in the 19th century. Chew-sticks, commonly used in Jamaica and other Caribbean islands, were chewed until the ends became softened, forming a natural brush. The stick is said to taste bitter but not unpleasant.

Latin Name: Gouania Lupuloides were used in Jamaica as natural toothbrushes and we can assume that our sample is of the same species. Gouania Lupuloides come from the Rhamnaceae family and are a part of the Gouania genus

Common Name: Chew-sticks

Active Ingredients:

• Saponins - Saponins are the primary active ingredient, containing both gouanosides A and B have been found in the stems of Gouania Lupuloides which interact with saliva to form a foam which loosens and lifts debris from teeth. 

• They also exhibit an antimicrobial effect via their surfactant-like properties that allow them to emulsify lipids breaking down bacterial lipid cell membranes.

Flavonoids, tannins and other active compounds have been found in related plants in the Gouania genus and studies are ongoing in relation to the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Gouania Lupuloides. Plants in the Gouania genus have also shown anti-inflammatory effects.

The sticks were used traditionally to clean teeth, freshen breath and strengthen gums, most commonly used in rural parts of Jamaica, particularly prior to the widespread use of commercial toothbrushes and toothpaste. They are still used today in Rastafarian communities. 

Side Effects:

Similar to modern over-brushing , excessive use could lead to a breakdown in enamel and an irritation of gums.

Sample #17/43